I think it's particularly useful with rye breads. Rye is tasty enough on its own, but since rye doesn't have as much gluten as wheat bread, letting it rest overnight rest is much easier way to get the gluten developed well enough.
Another benefit of the overnight rest is hydration. Rye dough can be sticky when it first comes together. People have a tendency to add more and more flour to the dough until it's too dense and too dry. If you know that the dough is supposed to be wet and sticky after kneading, and you don't have to try to form it or handle it, you're less likely to keep adding flour to it.
While you can knead this by hand, I'd suggest doing it in a stand mixer, bread machine, or food processor, because it will be very wet and stick and hard to handle. You can also combine it in a bowl and use a Danish dough whisk to combine the ingredients.
Overnight Parmesan Rye
1 teaspoon instant yeast
1 cup (4 1/2 ounces) medium rye flour
2 cups (9 ounces) bread flour
1 1/4 cups water
1 teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon cane sugar
1 teaspoon anise seeds
1 tablespoon caraway seeds
1/2 cup (1 ounce) shredded parmesan cheese
1 tablespoon unsalted butter
Olive oil
Combine all the ingredients in the bowl of your stand mixer and knead until it had come together and is beginning to become elastic.
Drizzle some olive oil into a zip-top bag and transfer the dough to the bag.Remove the air from the bag and seal it. Refrigerate overnight - or up to 24 hours.
Remove the bag from the refrigerator and open it to release the excess air. Seal it again and massage the bag a bit to mash out the bubbles in the dough. Let it rest on the counter for 30 minutes.
Sprinkle some cornmeal on a baking sheet and flour your work surface. Turn out the dough, knead it briefly, and form it into your desired shape. Place it on the prepared baking sheet, seam side down, and cover the dough with plastic wrap. Set it aside to rise until doubled - about an hour.
About 30 minutes before the dough has fully risen, preheat the oven to 350 degrees.
When the dough has doubled, remove the plastic wrap, slash the dough as desired, and bake at 350 degrees until nicely browned, about 40 minutes.
Let the dough rest on a rack until cool before slicing.
This has been submitted to Yeastspotting.